The most important aspect of virus transmission in cattle is dam to calf during pregnancy. The effect on the pregnancy and the calf depends on when it is exposed during gestation.
The Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) has released the state’s final vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) quarantine, following the most extensive outbreak of the viral disease in more than two decades
The vaccine is made of small synthetic protein shells, called ‘virus like particles’ (VLPs), which mimic the FMDV outer shell and so stimulate an immune response.
In the United States, tick-borne disease cases more than doubled, from 22,000 in 2004 to more than 48,000 in 2016, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.