U.S. Meat Markets Struggling
The meat market for 2015 looks to be interesting.
By: Derrell Peel, Oklahoma State University Extension
A myriad of factors are joining forces to create significant challenges for beef, pork and poultry markets so far in 2015. These include supply and demand factors, domestic and international factors, and short and long term factors. Many of the factors are affecting all meat markets while others are specific to individual meats.
International demand for U.S. meat is being dampened by the strong dollar, which makes U.S. product more expensive in global markets. This is particularly challenging for beef, which is already high relatively to other meats due to limited supplies. In the case of pork, falling U.S. prices due to increased production are offset to some extent in international markets by the strong dollar. Meat exports are being further disrupted by the backlog at west coast ports. The inability to move perishable product out of the ports has resulted in reduced export demand and diversion of meat back into domestic markets. Cold storage holdings of red meat and poultry were up significantly in January, partly as a result of the port slowdown. Settlement of the labor dispute this past week will improve conditions but it will take several weeks for port operations to return to normal. Simultaneous to reduced export flow of meat, a series of severe winter storms has crippled population centers in the eastern U.S. disrupting normal meat shipments and reducing meat demand domestically.
Pork production is increasing rapidly with planned expansion enhanced by smaller than expected PEDv impacts. The PED virus, while still circulating in U.S. pig herds, is having less impact this winter due to a combination of vaccine effectiveness, natural immunity and improved biosecurity which limits that spread of the virus among hog farms. Pork production is expected to increase four to five percent in 2015 and with little growth in pork exports expected, the majority of the increased production will be consumed domestically. Abundant supplies of European pork are finding their way into many global markets increasing the competition for U.S. pork. Wholesale pork values are falling and sharply lower hog prices may curtail production at some point but not likely before the end of the year or into 2016.
Poultry production is also expanding in 2015 on lower feed prices and improved returns in 2014. A nearly four percent increase in broiler production is expected in 2015 and, like pork, broiler exports are likely to see only slight growth leaving most of the increase in broiler production to fall on the domestic market. Broiler wholesale values are higher than year ago levels for breast meat and wings, though sharply lower for legs. However, increased broiler supplies and falling pork values will likely weigh on broiler product values in the coming weeks.
The challenges for the beef industry are particularly troublesome. Beef production is expected to decrease another one percent in 2015, in addition to the nearly 6 percent decline in 2014. Yet the pressure for higher beef prices that accompanies limited supplies is running headlong into weaker export demand, aggravated by the strong dollar; the domestic market disruptions described above; and growing pork and poultry supplies that sharpen the competition among meat in the domestic market. Falling pork wholesale values have led to an extremely wide beef to pork wholesale price ratio limiting the ability of beef prices to advance. Beef wholesale values, after a brief rally in early January dropped sharply into February and have managed only to stabilize recently despite lower beef production.
In the latest Cattle on Feed report, feedlot inventories were about even with one year ago. January placements were down 11 percent from one year ago. Delayed feedlot marketings, down nine percent year over year in January, have allowed feedlot inventories to hold close to year ago levels but feedlot production continues to fall. Total feedlot placements in the past six months are down 3.8 percent from one year ago and the 12 month moving average of placements is at the smallest level since July 1996. Feedlot marketings and cattle slaughter will continue lower year over year in 2015.
